--- title: Epec's Blog (4) description: A manufacturing blog focusing on posts about customized product solutions that are beneficial to engineers or anyone in the electronics industry. (4) --- [![Epec Engineered Technologies](https://www.epectec.com/images/logo.png "Epec Engineered Technologies")](https://www.epectec.com/) [![Epec Engineered Technologies](https://www.epectec.com/images/logo.png "Epec Engineered Technologies")](https://www.epectec.com/) - [Articles](https://www.epectec.com/articles/) - [Blog](https://blog.epectec.com/) - [Webinars](https://www.epectec.com/webinar/) - [Videos](https://www.epectec.com/videos/) - [Case Studies](https://www.epectec.com/case-studies/) - [News & Events](https://www.epectec.com/news/) - [Customer Portal](https://system.netsuite.com/c.406760/site/NSlogin.html) - [About](https://www.epectec.com/about/overview/) - Back - [Company Overview](https://www.epectec.com/about/overview/) - [Our History](https://www.epectec.com/about/our-history/) - [Culture](https://www.epectec.com/about/culture/) - [Industries Served](https://www.epectec.com/about/industry/) - [Acquisitions](https://www.epectec.com/about/acquisitions.html) - [Operations](https://www.epectec.com/operations/) - Back - [Operational Excellence](https://www.epectec.com/operations/) - [Quality Philosophy](https://www.epectec.com/operations/quality-philosophy.html) - [Quality Assurance Process](https://www.epectec.com/operations/quality-assurance-process.html) - [Global Operations](https://www.epectec.com/operations/global-operations.html) - [Logistics & Supply Chain](https://www.epectec.com/operations/logistics-and-supply-chain.html) - [Inventory Stocking](https://www.epectec.com/operations/inventory-stocking.html) - [Approvals](https://www.epectec.com/operations/approvals.html) - [ITAR Registered](https://www.epectec.com/operations/itar-registered.html) - [Engineering](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/overview/) - Back - [Engineering Overview](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/overview/) - [Engineering Support](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/support/) - [Design Services](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/design-services/) - [EpecDFx™](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/epecdfx/) - [Free DFM File Check](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/free-dfm.html) - [PCB Impedance Calculator](https://www.epectec.com/engineering/impedance-calculator.html) - [Products](https://www.epectec.com/products/) - Back - [Overview](https://www.epectec.com/products/) - [Battery Packs](https://www.epectec.com/batteries/) - [Flex & Rigid-Flex PCBS](https://www.epectec.com/flex/) - [Cable Assemblies](https://www.epectec.com/cable-assemblies/) - [Printed Circuit Boards](https://www.epectec.com/pcb/) - [CNC Machining](https://www.epectec.com/cnc-machining/) - [User Interfaces](https://www.epectec.com/user-interfaces/) - [Flexible Heaters](https://www.epectec.com/flexible-heaters/) - [EC Fans & Motors](https://www.epectec.com/fans-motors/) - [Design Guides](https://www.epectec.com/guides/) - [Design Guides](https://www.epectec.com/guides/) - Back - Resources - Back - [Articles](https://www.epectec.com/articles/) - [Blog](https://blog.epectec.com/) - [Webinars](https://www.epectec.com/webinar/) - [Videos](https://www.epectec.com/videos/) - [Case Studies](https://www.epectec.com/case-studies/) - [News & Events](https://www.epectec.com/news/) - [Customer Portal](https://system.netsuite.com/c.406760/site/NSlogin.html) - [Contact Us](https://www.epectec.com/contact/) - Back - [Contact Information](https://www.epectec.com/contact/) - [Our Sales Team](https://www.epectec.com/contact/our-sales-team.html) - [Office Locations](https://www.epectec.com/contact/office-locations.html) - [Career Opportunities](https://www.epectec.com/contact/career-opportunities.html) - [InstantPCB*Quote*™](https://www.epectec.com/instantpcbquote/) - Back - [Overview](https://www.epectec.com/instantpcbquote/) - [Login](https://secure.epecpcb.com/epec/) - [Register](https://secure.epecpcb.com/epec/index2.jsp) - [Home](https://www.epectec.com/) - [Blog](https://blog.epectec.com/) Share This Page: [LinkedIn](https://blog.epectec.com/#linkedin) [X](https://blog.epectec.com/#x) [Facebook](https://blog.epectec.com/#facebook) [Email](https://blog.epectec.com/#email) # Epec's Blog | Electronics Manufacturing Solutions --- ## [The Effect of Humidity on PCBAs in Battery Packs](https://blog.epectec.com/the-effect-of-humidity-on-pcbas-in-battery-packs) [![Example of a PCBA used inside a custom battery pack](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/pcba-used-inside-a-custom-battery-pack.jpg "Example of a PCBA used inside a custom battery pack")](https://blog.epectec.com/the-effect-of-humidity-on-pcbas-in-battery-packs) Written by [Luis Vazquez](https://blog.epectec.com/author/luis-vazquez) Posted on March 25, 2026 at 9:06 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [Printed circuit board](https://www.epectec.com/pcb/) assemblies used inside [battery packs](https://www.epectec.com/batteries/) operate in a uniquely demanding environment. They are often enclosed, exposed to temperature swings, subjected to charge and discharge cycles, and expected to perform reliably for years without service. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/the-effect-of-humidity-on-pcbas-in-battery-packs) --- ## [Navigating UL and CSA Standards for Flexible Heaters Used in Industrial Equipment - Q&A](https://blog.epectec.com/ul-and-csa-standards-for-flexible-heaters-in-industrial-equipment-q-and-a) [![UL and CSA Standards for Flex Heaters in Industrial Equipment - Q&A](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/email-images/flexible-heater-used-in-industrial-equipment.jpg "UL and CSA Standards for Flex Heaters in Industrial Equipment - Q&A")](https://blog.epectec.com/ul-and-csa-standards-for-flexible-heaters-in-industrial-equipment-q-and-a) Written by [Epec Engineered Technologies](https://blog.epectec.com/author/epec-engineered-technologies) Posted on March 24, 2026 at 10:54 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) At the conclusion of our webinar, [Navigating UL and CSA Standards for Flexible Heaters Used in Industrial Equipment](https://www.epectec.com/webinar/03-19-2026/ul-and-csa-standards-for-flexible-heaters-used-in-industrial-equipment.html), we had several questions submitted to our presenter, Steven J. Goodman, Product Manager of User Interfaces and Cable Assemblies at Epec. We have compiled these questions into a readable format on our blog. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/ul-and-csa-standards-for-flexible-heaters-in-industrial-equipment-q-and-a) --- ## [PCB Trace Current Calculations: Avoiding Overheating and Failures](https://blog.epectec.com/pcb-trace-current-calculations-avoiding-overheating-and-failures) [![CAD example of PCB circuitry](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/cad-example-of-pcb-circuitry.jpg "CAD example of PCB circuitry")](https://blog.epectec.com/pcb-trace-current-calculations-avoiding-overheating-and-failures) Written by [Angie Brown](https://blog.epectec.com/author/angie-brown) Posted on March 17, 2026 at 8:43 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) When a [printed circuit board](https://www.epectec.com/pcb/) (PCB) overheats in the field, the root cause often traces back to one simple question that was never fully answered during layout: how much current is really flowing through each trace? [Trace sizing](https://blog.epectec.com/pcb-trace-width-and-spacing-calculations-and-real-world-applications) and copper weight decisions may seem routine, but small assumptions at this stage can lead to voltage drop, excessive heat, and long-term reliability problems. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/pcb-trace-current-calculations-avoiding-overheating-and-failures) --- ## [Critical Safety Requirements for Medical Battery Pack Design](https://blog.epectec.com/critical-safety-requirements-for-medical-battery-pack-design) [![Advanced medical battery pack design featuring integrated BMS](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/advanced-medical-battery-pack-design.jpg "Advanced medical battery pack design featuring integrated BMS")](https://blog.epectec.com/critical-safety-requirements-for-medical-battery-pack-design) Written by [Anton Beck](https://blog.epectec.com/author/anton-beck) Posted on March 10, 2026 at 8:57 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Medical devices using portable [battery packs](https://www.epectec.com/batteries/) require special design considerations to ensure optimal power for these devices while upholding the highest levels of safety. The [medical devices](https://www.epectec.com/batteries/battery-packs-for-medical-devices.html) can use lithium-ion, lithium metal, lead acid, NiMH, silver-oxide, and alkaline battery cells based on power requirements and usage. The battery packs cannot malfunction when in use, during sterilization, or when placed into storage. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/critical-safety-requirements-for-medical-battery-pack-design) --- ## [Designing for Reliability: Avoiding Common Flex PCB Failures](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-for-reliability-avoiding-common-flex-pcb-failures) [![Example of a flex circuit creased after being bent](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/flex-circuit-creased-after-being-bent.jpg "Example of a flex circuit creased after being bent")](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-for-reliability-avoiding-common-flex-pcb-failures) Written by [Zachary Walker](https://blog.epectec.com/author/zachary-walker) Posted on March 4, 2026 at 8:56 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) When it comes to [flex and rigid-flex printed circuit boards](https://www.epectec.com/flex/), flex is typically seen as insurmountable compared to rigid. This is primarily due to the two main differences between flex and rigid: the materials and the function, both of which seem to give pause to many designers. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-for-reliability-avoiding-common-flex-pcb-failures) --- ## [Tips for Integrating Flexible Heaters into Enclosures and Assemblies](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-integrating-flexible-heaters-into-enclosures-and-assemblies) [![Flexible heater with components](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/flexible-heater-with-components.jpg "Flexible heater with components")](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-integrating-flexible-heaters-into-enclosures-and-assemblies) Written by [Steven J Goodman](https://blog.epectec.com/author/steven-j-goodman) Posted on February 26, 2026 at 9:06 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [Flexible heaters](https://www.epectec.com/flexible-heaters/) are one of the most versatile thermal solutions available today. Designed for precise temperature control, these heaters can conform to complex surfaces and integrate seamlessly into assemblies where space is limited. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-integrating-flexible-heaters-into-enclosures-and-assemblies) --- ## [Designing Your Keypad with Hard Keys in Mind](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-your-keypad-with-hard-keys-in-mind) [![User interface assembly designed with hard keys](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/user-interface-assembly-designed-with-hard-keys.jpg "User interface assembly designed with hard keys")](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-your-keypad-with-hard-keys-in-mind) Written by [Chandler Jardin](https://blog.epectec.com/author/chandler-jardin) Posted on February 18, 2026 at 9:13 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Designing a [keypad](https://www.epectec.com/user-interfaces/custom-keyboards-and-keypads.html) that feels intuitive, durable, and precise is both an art and a science. While touchscreens and soft-key interfaces have become increasingly common, hard keys remain a staple in many industries, especially where tactile feedback, durability, and reliability are crucial. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/designing-your-keypad-with-hard-keys-in-mind) --- ## [Batteries Installed with Flex Heaters Options](https://blog.epectec.com/batteries-installed-with-flex-heaters-options) [![AI-generated image of a battery pack with a polyimide flexible heater to help maintain temperature](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/battery-pack-with-polyimide-flexible-heater.jpg "AI-generated image of a battery pack with a polyimide flexible heater to help maintain temperature")](https://blog.epectec.com/batteries-installed-with-flex-heaters-options) Written by [Anton Beck](https://blog.epectec.com/author/anton-beck) Posted on February 12, 2026 at 8:59 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Controlling [thermal management](https://blog.epectec.com/thermal-management-in-custom-battery-systems-an-overview) requires the use of external and internal devices to ensure that the battery operates at the optimal level in the specific environment when there are fluctuating temperatures. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/batteries-installed-with-flex-heaters-options) --- ## [Tips for Designing Flex Circuits for Medical Applications – Q&A](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-designing-flex-circuits-for-medical-applications-q-and-a) [![Tips for designing flex circuits for medical applications](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/Imported%20sitepage%20images/tips-for-designing-flex-circuits-for-medical-applications.jpg "Tips for designing flex circuits for medical applications")](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-designing-flex-circuits-for-medical-applications-q-and-a) Written by [Epec Engineered Technologies](https://blog.epectec.com/author/epec-engineered-technologies) Posted on February 4, 2026 at 8:48 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) At the conclusion of our webinar, [Tips for Designing Flex Circuits for Medical Applications](https://www.epectec.com/webinar/01-29-2026/tips-for-designing-flex-circuits-for-medical-applications.html), we had several questions submitted to our presenter, Zachary Walker, Product Manager of Flex and Rigid-Flex Circuits at Epec. We have compiled these questions into a readable format on our blog. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/tips-for-designing-flex-circuits-for-medical-applications-q-and-a) --- ## [Flex vs. Rigid-Flex: Which Is Right for Your Design?](https://blog.epectec.com/flex-vs-rigid-flex-which-is-right-for-your-design) [![Integrated rigid circuit board sections and flexible circuitry design](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/integrated-rigid-flex-pcb-design.jpg "Integrated rigid circuit board sections and flexible circuitry design")](https://blog.epectec.com/flex-vs-rigid-flex-which-is-right-for-your-design) Written by [Zachary Walker](https://blog.epectec.com/author/zachary-walker) Posted on February 3, 2026 at 8:58 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) When it comes to modern electronics, space is always at a premium, reliability is paramount, and design decisions can significantly impact product performance. [Flexible circuits (flex) and rigid-flex PCBs](https://www.epectec.com/flex/) often sit at the center of these decisions. [Read More  ](https://blog.epectec.com/flex-vs-rigid-flex-which-is-right-for-your-design) [Previous](https://blog.epectec.com/page/3) | [All posts](https://blog.epectec.com/all) | [Next](https://blog.epectec.com/page/5) --- ### Recent Posts --- ### Posts by Topic - [Printed Circuit Boards (160)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/printed-circuit-boards) - [Product Design (137)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/product-design) - [Battery Packs (121)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/battery-packs) - [Cable Assemblies (101)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/cable-assemblies) - [Flex & Rigid-Flex PCB's (95)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/flex-rigid-flex-pcbs) - [Electronics Industry (61)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/electronics-industry) - [User Interfaces (55)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/user-interfaces) - [Quality Solutions (33)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/quality-solutions) - [Flexible Heaters (30)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/flexible-heaters) - [Events, Training, and Support (9)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/events-training-and-support) - [RF Products (7)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/rf-products) - [CNC Machining (3)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/cnc-machining) - [Fans & Motors (1)](https://blog.epectec.com/topic/fans-motors) See All --- --- ### Need Help with A Project? 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