---
title: Incorporating LVDS Pairs into Your Multi-Conductor Cable
description: Design multi-conductor cables with LVDS pairs. Understand twisted-pair geometry, conductor sizing, shielding, and signal integrity for high-speed data.
image: https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/blog/multiconductor-cable-assembly-with-lvds-pairs.jpg
---

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# Incorporating LVDS Pairs into Your Multi-Conductor Cable

[![Steven Goodman](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/Blog-Authors/steve-goodman.jpg "Steven Goodman")](https://blog.epectec.com/author/steven-j-goodman)

Written by [Steven Goodman](https://blog.epectec.com/author/steven-j-goodman)   
Posted on November 18, 2020 at 9:31 AM

![Steven Goodman](https://blog.epectec.com/hubfs/Blog-Authors/steve-goodman.jpg "Steven Goodman")

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Designing a [multi-conductor cable](https://blog.epectec.com/how-to-improve-strength-and-performance-in-multiconductor-cables) involves selecting from numerous conductor sizes, strand constructions, shielding options, jacket materials, and cable geometries. The complexity increases when low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) pairs must be incorporated into the cable bundle.

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Unlike standard conductors carrying power or single-ended signals, LVDS requires a dedicated cable architecture that preserves signal integrity throughout the [cable assembly](https://www.epectec.com/cable-assemblies/). Understanding how differential signaling affects conductor arrangement, shielding, and cable construction is critical when developing a cable that carries both power and high-speed data.

## Understanding LVDS Signaling

[Low voltage differential signaling](https://blog.epectec.com/differential-paired-cables-and-when-to-use-them) (LVDS) uses two complementary conductors to transmit electronic information. Each signal is carried across a dedicated twisted pair rather than a single conductor.

The twisted-pair construction is an important part of the signal transmission method. By twisting the conductors together, the cable helps improve signal quality during operation. As the number of twists per inch increases, the data transmission characteristics of the cable may improve.

LVDS is commonly used in applications that require high-density data transmission, including high-resolution video and other high-speed electronic communications.

Typical LVDS applications use wire sizes ranging from 28AWG to 32AWG, although some applications may require conductor sizes as small as 38AWG. These smaller conductors support the use of fine-pitch connectors and allow many differential pairs to be incorporated within a relatively compact cable bundle.

## Why Standard Multi-Conductor Cable Construction May Not Be Enough

The majority of multi-conductor cables contain fewer than ten conductors that are arranged within the cable bundle and surrounded by filler materials and an overall jacket.

While this construction is suitable for many power and signal applications, it may not support LVDS performance requirements. Differential signals require dedicated twisted-pair conductors within the cable cross-section. Without this arrangement, the performance of the differential signals can be compromised.

For LVDS applications, each signal requires its own twisted pair inside the cable bundle. The differential pair becomes a fundamental design element rather than simply another conductor added to the cable.

## When Shielded LVDS Pairs Are Required

Certain applications require additional protection from electrical noise and interference. In these designs, individual LVDS pairs may be shielded independently within the overall cable construction.

**Individually shielded twisted pairs typically use:**

- A dedicated twisted conductor pair
- A metalized foil shield surrounding the pair
- A drain wire associated with the shield structure

![Example of a twisted pair with shield + drain wire.](https://blog.epectec.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/twisted-pair-with-sheild-and-drain-wire.jpg?width=800&name=twisted-pair-with-sheild-and-drain-wire.jpg)

*Example of a twisted pair with shield + drain wire.*

This shielding approach is similar to the foil shields commonly used in many data cables and may be used when additional signal isolation is required within the cable assembly.

## How LVDS Pairs Help Reduce EMI and Crosstalk

Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transmits data through the voltage difference between two conductors. Unlike single-ended signaling, which measures voltage relative to ground, an LVDS receiver compares the two incoming signals to determine the logic state.

![Multi-conductor cable assembly with LVDS pairs.](https://blog.epectec.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/multiconductor-cable-assembly-with-lvds-pairs.jpg?width=800&name=multiconductor-cable-assembly-with-lvds-pairs.jpg)

*Multi-conductor cable assembly with LVDS pairs.*

A typical LVDS driver steers approximately 3.5 milliamps of current through a 100-ohm termination resistor at the receiver, producing a differential voltage of approximately 350 millivolts. Reversing the current changes the voltage polarity and represents the opposite logic state. This small voltage swing supports fast transitions and low-power signaling.

When interference affects both conductors equally, it produces common-mode noise. Because the receiver detects the voltage difference, this shared disturbance is largely rejected. For example, adding 100 millivolts to both conductors leaves their voltage difference unchanged. This protection depends on keeping the input voltages within the receiver’s specified operating range.

LVDS pairs also help reduce generated [electromagnetic interference](https://www.epectec.com/cable-assemblies/shielded-cables.html) (EMI). Equal currents flowing in opposite directions produce electromagnetic fields that partially cancel at a distance. Keeping the conductors close together helps maintain this effect, while twisting cable pairs helps balance their exposure to external interference.

Crosstalk rejection depends on that same balance. If a nearby signal couples more strongly into one conductor, the resulting noise becomes part of the differential signal and cannot be rejected as common-mode interference. Consistent pair geometry, appropriate spacing, and balanced connector transitions help preserve noise immunity.

Proper impedance control and receiver termination also reduce reflections that can distort the signal. Together, these practices support reliable transmission in video and display applications, where data errors can cause visible artifacts or image instability.

## Combining LVDS Data Pairs and Power Conductors

Many cable assemblies combine power delivery and data transmission within a single cable construction.

For low-voltage applications operating below 30V, it may be possible to use the same conductor size throughout the cable cross-section. Other applications require larger power conductors alongside smaller LVDS pairs when current requirements exceed the capabilities of the differential-pair conductors.

![Design example: 10 LVDS pairs schematic.](https://blog.epectec.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/design-example-10-lvds-pairs-schematic.jpg?width=300&name=design-example-10-lvds-pairs-schematic.jpg)

*Design example: 10 LVDS pairs schematic.*

This mixed-construction approach allows one cable to support multiple functions simultaneously, reducing the need for separate cable assemblies.

**Common examples include:**

- LVDS data pairs combined with power conductors.
- USB cables containing a communication pair and power leads.
- Multi-conductor cables designed to carry both power and high-speed data.

## Examples of Applications Using Differential Pairs

Differential signaling is widely used across a variety of cable architectures. Below are some examples.

### Serial ATA Cables

Some multi-conductor cable designs contain only LVDS pairs. Serial ATA cables used for computer hard drive connections are one example. These cables are capable of supporting data rates of 1.5 to 2.5 Gbit/s.

### Ethernet Cable

Cat6 cable uses multiple LVDS pairs within a single cable structure to achieve high-speed data transfer.

### Other Communication Interfaces

Several interface standards that can benefit from differential-pair construction, including:

- CAN
- USB
- Balanced audio

These applications use differential signaling to support reliable data transmission within a multi-conductor cable environment.

## Selecting Between Standard Cable Constructions and Custom Designs

Because commercially available multi-conductor cable options include numerous conductor counts, wire sizes, strand constructions, and shielding configurations, many projects begin by evaluating off-the-shelf cable constructions.

The following table illustrates flexible cable construction options for 22 AWG through 26 AWG conductors, including conductor counts, strand constructions, and shielding.

| Item | Number of Cond. | AWG Size | Strand Constr. | Nominal Wall Thick. | Nominal Diam. | Shield Strand AWG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | 22 | 65/40 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 2 | 5 | 22 | 65/40 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 3 | 5 | 22 | 65/40 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 4 | 5 | 22 | 65/40 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 5 | 1 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 44 |
| 6 | 1 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 44 |
| 7 | 2 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 8 | 2 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 9 | 2 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 10 | 2 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 11 | 3 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 12 | 3 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 13 | 3 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 14 | 3 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 15 | 4 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 16 | 4 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 17 | 4 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 19 | 5 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 20 | 5 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 | 40 |
| 21 | 5 | 22 | 150/44 | 0.01 | 0.049 |  |
| 22 | 1 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 44 |
| 23 | 1 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 44 |
| 24 | 2 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 44 |
| 26 | 2 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 44 |
| 28 | 3 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 29 | 3 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 30 | 3 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 31 | 3 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 32 | 4 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 33 | 4 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 34 | 4 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 35 | 4 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 36 | 5 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 37 | 5 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 38 | 5 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 |  |
| 39 | 5 | 24 | 105/44 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 40 |
| 40 | 1 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 | 44 |
| 41 | 1 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 | 44 |
| 42 | 2 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 |  |
| 43 | 2 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 | 44 |
| 44 | 2 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 |  |
| 45 | 2 | 26 | 66/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 | 44 |
| 46 | 3 | 26 | 65/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 |  |
| 47 | 3 | 26 | 65/44 | 0.01 | 0.039 | 44 |

When standard products don't meet the application's electrical and mechanical requirements, cable manufacturers may produce custom cable constructions that combine LVDS pairs with [standard conductors](https://blog.epectec.com/cable-assembly-conductor-options-101).

Custom cable extrusion can be costly and may require minimum purchase quantities, making it important to evaluate cable architecture early in the development process.

## Alternative Approaches for Prototype LVDS Assemblies

Not every project requires a fully custom extruded multi-conductor cable during early development.

For lower-volume prototype work, some applications can use groups of twisted pairs rather than an integrated cable. In these cases:

- Two different wire colors may be selected to simplify assembly and troubleshooting.
- The required AWG size is selected.
- The wire lay, or twists per inch, is specified according to application requirements.

Many twisted-pair applications can operate with approximately 2 twists per inch, while data rates exceeding 1.5 to 2.5 Gbit/s may require twist densities approaching 5 twists per inch.

As with any custom electronic assembly, prototype LVDS cable designs should undergo appropriate testing and evaluation before production release.

## Summary

LVDS pairs provide a practical method for supporting high-speed data transmission within a compact cable cross-section. Successful implementation requires consideration of twisted-pair geometry, conductor sizing, shielding requirements, and the interaction between power and data circuits within the cable.

Whether the design uses only differential pairs or combines LVDS communication with power conductors, careful planning during prototyping and production helps ensure the final cable architecture supports the application's electrical and mechanical requirements.

---

## Key Takeaways

- **LVDS Requires Dedicated Twisted Pairs:** Low-voltage differential signals must use individually twisted conductor pairs within the cable bundle. This reduces signal interference and supports higher data transmission quality.
- **Twist Density Affects Performance:** Increasing the number of twists per inch improves data transmission properties. Standard applications may use ~2 twists per inch, while high-speed data (1.5–2.5 Gbit/s) may require up to 5 twists per inch.
- **Shielding Enhances Signal Integrity:** For applications sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI), individually shielded twisted pairs with foil layers and drain wires can help maintain clean, reliable signals.
- **Combining Power and Data is Common:** Multi-conductor cables often mix LVDS pairs with power conductors in a single cross-section. This design is frequently used in USB, CAN, balanced audio, and other mixed-signal applications.
- **Customization May Be Necessary for Complex Projects:** Off-the-shelf options are available, but custom cable extrusions can integrate multiple LVDS pairs and various wire sizes. Early prototyping and testing are crucial for ensuring performance before high-volume production.

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  "dateModified" : "2026-10-30T18:54:51.864Z",
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  "headline" : "Incorporating LVDS Pairs into Your Multi-Conductor Cable",
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